How much does a heat wave cost? Insurers and CEOs want to know

When a hurricane or a wildfire strikes, the economic damage is usually very visible — roofs are ripped off or charred homes line roads. Heat waves cause financial damage, too, but it’s more diffuse: Farm crops might wither, construction workers pause or data centers sputter out, forcing customers offline.

Climate risk models, which are widely used in the insurance industry, can estimate the likelihood that fires or floods will affect a specific place in the US, even down to the address level, and how much damage that would wreak. So far, the…